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<p></p> <p><b>New page</b></p><div>== Citation ==<br /> <br /> Scheres, S. H. W.; Valle, M.; Núñez, R.; Sorzano, C. O. S.; Marabini, R.; Herman, G. T. &amp; Carazo, J. M. Maximum-likelihood multi-reference refinement for electron microscopy images J. Molecular Biology, 2005, 348, 139-149<br /> <br /> [http://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&amp;lr=&amp;newwindow=1&amp;cites=2178997821725833460 Cited by]<br /> <br /> == Abstract ==<br /> <br /> A maximum-likelihood approach to multi-reference image refinement is<br /> presented. In contrast to conventional cross-correlation refinement, the<br /> new approach includes a formal description of the noise, implying that it is<br /> especially suited to cases with low signal-to-noise ratios. Application of this<br /> approach to a cryo-electron microscopy dataset revealed two major classes<br /> for projections of simian virus 40 large T-antigen in complex with an<br /> asymmetric DNA-probe, containing the origin of simian virus 40<br /> replication. Strongly bent projections of dodecamers showed density that<br /> may be attributed to the complexed double-stranded DNA, while almost<br /> straight projections revealed a twist in the relative orientation of the<br /> hexameric subunits. This new level of detail for large T-antigen projections<br /> was not detected using conventional techniques. For a negative stain<br /> dataset, maximum-likelihood refinement yielded results that were practically<br /> identical to those obtained using conventional multi-reference<br /> refinement. Results obtained using simulated data suggest that the<br /> efficiency of the maximum-likelihood approach may be further enhanced<br /> by explicitly incorporating the microscope contrast transfer function in the<br /> image formation model.<br /> <br /> == Keywords ==<br /> <br /> 2D Alignment, 2D classification, Maximum likelihood<br /> <br /> == Links ==<br /> <br /> Article http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15808859<br /> <br /> == Related software ==<br /> <br /> Xmipp: http://xmipp.cnb.csic.es/twiki/bin/view/Xmipp/MLalign2D<br /> <br /> == Related methods ==<br /> <br /> == Comments ==</div>

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