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<p></p> <p><b>New page</b></p><div>== Citation ==<br /> <br /> Studer, D.; Humbel, B. M. &amp; Chiquet, M. Electron microscropy of high pressure frozen samples: bridging the gap between cellular ultrastructure and atomic resolution. Histochem. Cell Biology, 2008, 130, 877-889<br /> <br /> [http://scholar.google.es/scholar?cites=17961457282287549388 Cited by]<br /> <br /> == Abstract ==<br /> <br /> Transmission electron microscopy has provided<br /> most of what is known about the ultrastructural organization<br /> of tissues, cells, and organelles. Due to tremendous<br /> advances in crystallography and magnetic resonance imaging,<br /> almost any protein can now be modeled at atomic resolution.<br /> To fully understand the workings of biological<br /> “nanomachines” it is necessary to obtain images of intact<br /> macromolecular assemblies in situ. Although the resolution<br /> power of electron microscopes is on the atomic scale, in<br /> biological samples artifacts introduced by aldehyde Wxation,<br /> dehydration and staining, but also section thickness<br /> reduces it to some nanometers. CryoWxation by high pressure<br /> freezing circumvents many of the artifacts since it<br /> allows vitrifying biological samples of about 200 �m in<br /> thickness and immobilizes complex macromolecular<br /> assemblies in their native state in situ. To exploit the perfect<br /> structural preservation of frozen hydrated sections,<br /> sophisticated instruments are needed, e.g., high voltage<br /> electron microscopes equipped with precise goniometers<br /> that work at low temperature and digital cameras of high<br /> sensitivity and pixel number. With them, it is possible to<br /> generate high resolution tomograms, i.e., 3D views of subcellular<br /> structures. This review describes theory and applications<br /> of the high pressure cryoWxation methodology and<br /> compares its results with those of conventional procedures.<br /> Moreover, recent Wndings will be discussed showing that<br /> molecular models of proteins can be Wtted into depicted<br /> organellar ultrastructure of images of frozen hydrated sections.<br /> High pressure freezing of tissue is the base which<br /> may lead to precise models of macromolecular assemblies<br /> in situ, and thus to a better understanding of the function of<br /> complex cellular structures.<br /> <br /> == Keywords ==<br /> <br /> High pressure freezing, sample preparation<br /> <br /> == Links ==<br /> <br /> Article http://www.springerlink.com/content/37462742334747v6/<br /> <br /> == Related software ==<br /> <br /> == Related methods ==<br /> <br /> == Comments ==</div>

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