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	<title>2025Khavnekar PSD - Revision history</title>
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	<updated>2026-05-24T21:14:20Z</updated>
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		<id>https://3demmethods.i2pc.es/index.php?title=2025Khavnekar_PSD&amp;diff=4993&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>WikiSysop: Created page with &quot;== Citation ==  S. Khavnekar and W. Wan, “An approach for coherent periodogram averaging of tilt-series data for improved contrast transfer function estimation,” FEBS Open Bio, 2025.  == Abstract ==  Cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) has become an indispensable technique for determining three-dimensional structures of biological macromolecules. A critical aspect of achieving high-resolution cryo-EM reconstructions is accurately determining and correcting for the mic...&quot;</title>
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		<updated>2025-06-20T10:13:57Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Created page with &amp;quot;== Citation ==  S. Khavnekar and W. Wan, “An approach for coherent periodogram averaging of tilt-series data for improved contrast transfer function estimation,” FEBS Open Bio, 2025.  == Abstract ==  Cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) has become an indispensable technique for determining three-dimensional structures of biological macromolecules. A critical aspect of achieving high-resolution cryo-EM reconstructions is accurately determining and correcting for the mic...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;New page&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Citation ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
S. Khavnekar and W. Wan, “An approach for coherent periodogram averaging of tilt-series data for improved contrast transfer function estimation,” FEBS Open Bio, 2025.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Abstract ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) has become an indispensable technique&lt;br /&gt;
for determining three-dimensional structures of biological macromolecules.&lt;br /&gt;
A critical aspect of achieving high-resolution cryo-EM&lt;br /&gt;
reconstructions is accurately determining and correcting for the microscope’s&lt;br /&gt;
contrast transfer function (CTF). The CTF introduces&lt;br /&gt;
defocus-dependent distortions during imaging; if not properly accounted&lt;br /&gt;
for, the CTF can distort features in and limit the resolution of 3D reconstructions.&lt;br /&gt;
For tilt-series data used in cryo-electron tomography (cryo-ET),&lt;br /&gt;
CTF estimation becomes even more challenging due to the tilt of the specimen,&lt;br /&gt;
which introduces a defocus gradient across the field of view, as well&lt;br /&gt;
as the low dose and signal in individual tilt images. Here, we describe a&lt;br /&gt;
simple algorithm to improve the accuracy of CTF estimation of tilted&lt;br /&gt;
images by leveraging the tilt-series alignment parameters determined for&lt;br /&gt;
tomographic reconstruction to explicitly account for the tilted specimen&lt;br /&gt;
geometry. In brief, each tilt image is divided into patches, each of which&lt;br /&gt;
are then stretched according to their defocus shift. These are then summed&lt;br /&gt;
to provide a coherent power spectrum at the tilt axis, which can then be&lt;br /&gt;
used in standard CTF estimation algorithms. This uses all the data in each&lt;br /&gt;
image to enhance the visibility of Thon rings, thereby improving&lt;br /&gt;
high-resolution CTF estimation and subsequent enhancements in the resolution&lt;br /&gt;
of subtomogram averages.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Keywords ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Links ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
https://febs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/2211-5463.70050&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Related software ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Related methods ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Comments ==&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>WikiSysop</name></author>
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